The Earth Charter and the Environment

The Earth Charter and the Environment According to (Vilela, Soskolne and McDermott,1997), Buddhist influence the creation of the Earth Charter as an enshrined in what is a brief document that embodies the values and ethical principles necessary for the sustainability of life on earth. Move on, Virtue Ethics is a trait deemed to be morally excellent and thus is treasured as a foundation of value and good decent beings. Personal virtues are characteristics valued as promoting individual and collection of wellbeing. This essay will highlight and relate the principles in the Earth Charter to the theory of virtue ethics. Moreover, it will also elaborate on how understanding of principles could help us to address and possibly alleviate an environmental issue in the Pacific. To begin with, the Earth charter starts with a preamble, provides context and articulates its four major principles: Respect and Care for the community of life, Ecological Integrity, Social and Economic justice and Democracy, non-violence and Peace (Earth Charter, 2013). Therefore, the principles assert the basic value of the ethical system of the Charter, is that all livingbeings have intrinsic value and that human beings possess an equal inherent dignity. Each being is understood to be a â€Å"teleological center of life† The moral attitudes that logically follow from these values are enumerated in Principles 1 and 2. Principle 1 asserts respectfor life and the inherent dignity of persons, and Principle 2 asserts care â€Å"Care for the community of life with accepting, consideration, and sweetheart.† Respect and Care for life and human dignity are the two fundamental moral attitudes required by the Charter. A moral attitude is an understanding and outlook toward othe r beings that structure specific moral response sand relationships. The values of intrinsic value and dignity require the moral attitudes ofhumans (Taylor, 1986). Respect and Care for life in general and for specific manifestations of life on different levels of relationship for instance on the human level, respect and care for persons. What follows from virtue ethics are duties to respond to others in particularways? Principles pertain to rights and duties that follow from, are necessary to actualize, one’s values. These duties are codified in terms of Moral Principles. The moralprinciples are abstract expressions of forms of conduct, of moral responses to the call ofthe other, which one commits to with the adoption of a moral attitude. The moral attitudes of respect and care commit one to certain modes of conduct embodied inprinciples on each level of relationship. A central part of the articulation of the cosmopolitan (Weed and McKeown, 1998) ethics of the Earth Charter is the explication of principles on each level ofrelationship. The four categories of principles in the Charter speak to these different levels of relationship. Stand ards of character, in turn, pertain to dispositions or character traits thatpre-dispose one toward particular choices and actions. They constitute moral resources that comprise one’s moral sensibility, which enables one to act in accordance with what one understands in principle to be right. One can understand what the right thing to do isbut not have the will to do it. Dispositions pertain to the will, the character, to do what is right. A disposition is a character trait that enables one to fulfill one’s responsibility, as defined in principle. In addition, standards of character also entail capacities to respond. As Jonathon Glover posits there are two broad categories of moral capacities: restraint from doing harm and sympathy. These moral resources Are capacities and characters of consciousness and of natural human inclination that enhance our capacity to morally respond to others? Mahatma Gandhi once said that, â€Å"Mother Earth has enough for everyone’s need, but not enough for everyone’s greed.† The Earth Charter: â€Å"Once basic needs have been met, human development is about being more not having more.† To understand the principles mentioned in the Earth Charter can only be successful if people are truly concerned about the nature. Therefore, the second half of the essay wills eexplain how an understanding of specific principles in The Earth Charter could help us to address and possibly alleviate one pressing environmental issue in the Pacific. â€Å"At the Planning and Policy for Ecosystem-Based Management Forum held in January 2010, senior natural resource managers from eight Pacific Island countries recognized the following serious environmental issues: sea-level rise and coastal engineering, availability of resources and data, population and socioeconomic change, greenhouse gases and climate change, land-based pollution, livelihood of people – food and land security, invasive species, sustaining fish stocks, outdated and conflicting policies and regulations and enforcement† (SPREP, 2010). However, as the Pacific mostly relies on sea therefore the populace advance is liable for further burden on the biomes almost universally; commercial mining is worsening these effects in various cases. Overexploitation for both subsistence and commercial use has caused severe reduction of numerous important food and profitable species. Species such as trochus, crayfish and turtles though are under some form of security an d regulations are also endangered. In addition, the second principle in the Earth Charter which states Ecological Integrity has to be completely and properly understood by every begin in order to alleviate the issue of Fish Stock Depletion and Coral Reef Degradation(SPREP, 2010). As the principle suggests to Protect and restore the integrity of Earths ecological structures, with concern for biological diversity and the natural processes that sustain life. According to it, we need to adopt to all levels sustainable development plans and regulations to make environmental conservation and restoration essential to all development advantages, establish and safeguard the Mother Nature and planet reserves, including wild lands and marine areas, to protect Earths life support systems, maintain biodiversity, and preserve our natural heritage. Promote the recovery of endangered species and ecosystems. Control and eliminate non-native or genetically modified entities are dangerous to intrinsic species and the environs, and preve nt primer of such harmful organisms. Accomplish the use of renewable resources such as water, soil, forest products, and marine life in ways that do not outstrip rates of redevelopment and that protect the wellbeing of ecosystems. Manage the removal and use of non-renewable resources such as minerals and fossil fuels in ways that minimalize depletion and cause no severe environmental destruction. Therefore, if we adhere to the laws of the nature we will be able to care and respect our nature. For example, there is certain law that has been implanted to protect the marine ecosystem. The first one is the ecosystem approach — comprehensive, scientifically substantiated and integrated approach to management of human activity to identify adverse impacts on the marine ecosystem and perform efficient measures for reduction of such impacts preserving integrity and sustainability of the ecosystem (Saeima, 2010). Secondly, the Convention on Protection of Nature in the South Pacific the aim of the Convention is to preserve, exploit and develop the natural resources of the South Pacific region through careful planning and management for the benefit of present and future generations (UNCLOS, 1982). To conclude, we need to realize these goals, we must agree to live with a sense of universal responsibility, recognizing ourselves with the entire Earth community as well as our native communities. We are at once the citizens of different nations and of one biosphere in which the local and global are interconnected. Everyone bonds responsibility for the present and future wellbeing of the human family and the larger living biosphere. The soul of human harmony and relationship with all life is wired when we live with respect for the secret of being, thankfulness for the gift of life, and modesty regarding the human place in nature. Once said â€Å"For human societies to achieve a productive, healthful, and sustainable relationship with the natural world, the public and private sectors must make environmental considerations an integral part of decision making† unquoted. BIBLIOGRAPHY Athanassoulis N, Environmental issues for Pacific Island countries www.gefcoral.org//environmentalissuesforpacificislandcountries.aspx Christopher, BA., Likens, GE., Rozzi, R., Gutierrez, JR., 2008 ,Integrating Science and Society through Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research, University Press, New York Elisa, A 2008, Personhood and Animals, Keele University, United Kingdom, pp.93-175. Emily. B, Aesthetic Character and Aesthetic Integrity in Environmental Conservation. Folse, Henry J., Jr, 1993 ,The Environment and the Epistemological Lesson of Complementarity, Aron Printers, Sydney. Hardship Vulnerability are Pressing Issues for Pacific Island Countries: World Bank, March 11, 2014 www.worldbank.org//hardship-vulnerability-are-pressing-i Ralph, RA 1994, Using and Abusing Nietzsche for Environmental Ethics, UK Publishers, London. Taylor, PW 1986, Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics Studies inMoral, Political, and Legal Philosophy, Princeton, N.J, Princeton University Press, p. 79. Weed DL and McKeown RE, 1998, Epidemiology and virtue ethics. International Journal of Epidemiology; pp. 27: 343 1

Selfishness and Misguided Views in Madame Bovary Essay -- Madame Bovar

Selfishness and Misguided Views in Madame Bovary The majority of Gustave Flaubert's 1857 classic novel, Madame Bovary , tells of the marriage and two adulterous affairs of one lady, Madame Emma Bovary. Emma, believing she is in love, agrees to marry the widower doctor who heals her father's broken leg. This doctor, Charles Bovary, Jr., is completely in love with Emma. However, Emma finds she must have been mistaken in her love, for the "happiness that should have followed this love" (44) has not come. Emma is misguided in her beliefs on the meaning of love and happiness. It is also apparent that she considers herself more important than anyone connected with her, including her husband, her daughter, and her two lovers. Emma's misguided views and selfishness clearly deny her the happiness to which she feels she is entitled. Madame Bovary begins revealing how she is denied happiness not long after she and Charles are married. A controlling thought resounds in Madame Bovary's mind: " 'Good heavens! why did I marry?' " (58). Emma refuses the happiness Charles offers, despite--or perhaps in spite--of his deep devotion to his wife, and wills herself to separate from her husband. She wonders "if by some other chance combination it would not have been possible to meet another man; and she tried to imagine what would have been these unrealized events, this different life, this unknown husband" (58). Madame Bovary, her loving husband's lack of qualities in mind, instead wants for a "handsome, witty, distinguished, attractive" (58) lover. Assuming this is the version of lover to whom her childhood friends are now married, Emma is also consumed with jealousy. At the ball at Vaubyessard, Emma ridicules Charles when h... ...al touches; and finally upon the soles of the feet, so swift of yore, when she was running to satisfy her desires, and that would now walk no more" (419). Madame Bovary selfishly leaves her husband and daughter to suffer in the poverty that she has caused. She has never loved the two people whom she should have loved most--the two people who did love her most. Happiness will be prevented when selfishness and misguided views are present. Instead of longing for things that one cannot have and emotions that are simply unattainable, one should glory in the love of the family and friends one has, and enjoy whatever objects one may attain. Only then may one find the true happiness that one's soul longs after. Works Cited Flaubert, Gustave. The World's Great Classics: Madame Bovary . Translated from French by Eleanor Marx-Aveling. New York: Grolier Incorporated, n. d.

Against Banning Full-Face Veils Essay

Mirayda Martinez Against Banning Full-Face Veils Banning Full-Face Veils would not only make Muslim women feel vulnerable to men as a sexual desire, it would also make them feel betrayed by the country or state they live in. Being told what to wear is like being told what to eat or who to hang out with, it is unjust. Muslim women should be able to dress how they would like without being Judged or assaulted by anyone. The veil helps assure the women that they are not being looked at as a desire and in a way, wearing the veil helps make them feel closer to God. Enforcing laws against Full-Face Veils would be amiss because it would e stripping them of freedom of expression and religion. First, Muslim women should not be Judged by what they wear Just because it is different from the culture and beliefs of everyone else. It is not a crime to be different, but then why do some women get assaulted and harassed for wearing a veil? Just because they do not believe in the same religion as other people does not mean they should get treated any differently than others. Muslim women should be entitled to wear whatever they want to, even if it is a Full-Face Veil that covers them from top to bottom. For some omen, veiling is an expression of their religious beliefs, and is no less or more a part of their religious observance than praying five times a day or fasting during Ramadan, the holy month of fasting and prayer in Islam. † Veiling is a way women express their religious belief and should not get treated any less important than fasting or pra ying towards Mecca; it should get treated with the same respect. Second, the veil is very important.

Pregnancy Alcohol essays

Pregnancy Alcohol essays SUBSTANCE USES AND PREGNANCY THE MULTIPLE WAYS OF DISSEMINATING INFORMATION January 1989 the results of a study conducted by Ann Pytkowicz Streissguth were published in the Journal of Developmental Psychology. The study investigated the relationship of maternal use of drugs, alcohol and/or cigarettes during pregnancy on the IQ of her child at the age of four years. Newsweek and Scientific News also print articles later that year reporting the effects of maternal use of alcohol and drugs on the infant. They also looked at the effects of cigarette smoke on the fetus. Although the articles dealt with the same topic using information reported in the original study they differed in how they presented that information to their readers. All three publications varied use of methodology, use of scientific findings, and the presentation of the conclusion to meet the informational needs of their audiences. "IQ at Age 4 in Relationship Maternal Alcohol Use and Smoking during pregnancy" was written by the group of researchers that group participated in a study lead by Ann Streissguth. This the original article is the actual research paper which was presented by the group. The paper tells how an original group of over fifteen hundred pregnant women was reduced to a select group of under five hundred. They explain how the condition of the infant at birth was not a factor in the study. It was their goal to define the long term effect of substance use during pregnancy. Further information shares how they followed the children in a longitudinal study at eight months, eighteen months, and four years. The group looked at a multitude of factors which included the toddlers learning abilities and the child's IQ at the age of four. Of the three articles this one relies most on the use of methodology, scientific findings and presentation conclusion. In their paper they use the standard method o f reporting research data....

Common Grammatical Errors Everyday vs. Every Day

Common Grammatical Errors Everyday vs. Every Day Almost every day, I see someone use â€Å"everyday† in a sentence when they mean â€Å"every day.† Mixing up â€Å"everyday† and â€Å"every day† is one of the most common grammatical errors. Newsflash:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Every day† does NOT mean the same thing as â€Å"everyday†!  If you find yourself writing either one of them, stop, breathe, and read the next section of this article. Every Day vs. Everyday What do these words mean? â€Å"Every day† (2 words) means â€Å"happening or occurring each day.† The compound word â€Å"everyday† is an adjective meaning â€Å"of or pertaining to every day†; commonplace† or â€Å"regular.† Given these definitions, let’s look at some examples of proper use: I walk to work every day. I wear my everyday shoes to walk to work; I change to my Manolo Blahniks upon arrival. It has snowed every day for the past week. Snow is an everyday event during Wisconsin winters. I wish I could eat chocolate all day every day! Some chocolate sure would spice up this everyday chili. A Trick to Remember Whether to Use Everyday or Every Day How will you remember the difference between â€Å"every day† and â€Å"everyday†?   My simple trick is to add the word â€Å"single† between â€Å"every† and â€Å"day;† if it makes sense to insert this word, then the words must be separated by a space in place of the word â€Å"single.†Ã‚  If inserting â€Å"single† does not work, you’re in the land of the adjective â€Å"everyday.†Ã‚  Let’s try it with the examples here: I walk to work every single day.  (Makes sense so it’s 2 words) I wear my every single day shoes to walk to work.  (Doesn’t make sense so it’s 1 word) It has snowed every single day for the past week.  (Makes sense so it’s 2 words) Snow is an every single day event during Wisconsin winters. (Doesn’t make sense so it’s 1 word) I’ll leave you to test the chocolate chili examples.  I promise they work. Everyday Examples I See Every Day Now let’s take a look at some common ways people misuse the word â€Å"everyday.† I’ll use 3 examples from LinkedIn. In an email I received from a LinkedIn marketing expert, the following phrase appeared:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Great discussions and tips are taking place everyday with over 10,000 members.†There are actually two problems with this sentence.  One is that tips do not take place, only discussions do; you would not say â€Å"Great tips are taking place.†Ã‚  The other is that everyday is the adjective meaning commonplace.  The author meant that discussions are taking place every single day. Therefore the correct usage would be â€Å"every day† (2 words). A LinkedIn discussion title came across one of my groups: â€Å"Fast way to make money everyday.† Again, this writer means â€Å"every single day† so the correct way to express his idea would be â€Å"Fast way to make money every day.† Here’s an example from a comment on one of my postings: â€Å"You learn something new everyday.† Do you see the error? I hope you are now highly trained in the distinction between â€Å"every day† and â€Å"everyday†! Please pass this wisdom on to someone who will benefit from it today and every day. Do you have other writing or grammar questions? Contact The Essay Expert for help with choosing exactly the right words. 🙂 Now what about someday? lol Log in to Reply Edward Dunay says: October 22, 2013 at 1:15 pm I have a question on spelling back door vs backdoor when used in the following sentence: He entered the house thru the front door and exited thru the backdoor / or exited thru the back door. Which one is the correct spelling? Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: October 22, 2013 at 1:24 pm Backdoor is an adjective or a computer term. In the sentence you proposed, the correct spelling is back door. Log in to Reply Fred says: December 27, 2016 at 8:53 am How about using Get up and Stand up in everyday grammar? Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: January 3, 2017 at 3:01 pm Well you used everyday correctly! Not sure what your question is about using Get up and Stand up? Both of these sound like commands (and good song lyrics). Log in to Reply Ang says: May 30, 2017 at 9:40 am I love learning from you. Im just finishing up my book, and learning more about writing every day. I do not have a good education but that should not stop anyone from writing. Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: May 30, 2017 at 9:42 am Thanks so much Ang! You are reminding me of why I do what I do! Log in to Reply David says: July 10, 2017 at 4:22 pm Its just over 60 years since Buddy Holly wrote and recorded the song Everyday it has since then been covered by countless other singers. Ive never seen any comment on the title being incorrect (Its EVERYDAY on record/s including cover versions) In my opinion in the context its used, throughout the song, it should be Every Day. Do you agree? Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: July 10, 2017 at 4:29 pm Thanks for your comment, David. Yes I absolutely agree!! Ditto for all the covers (James Taylor, Fiona Apple, etc.) that also misspell it! Log in to Reply Karl Beungso Cho says: July 27, 2017 at 3:45 am Dear Essay Expert, Ive write down a sentence on our magazine draft like this, Im learning something new every day! is this wrong? My supervisor said Im learning something new everyday is correct. Please let me know which is the correct answer and why. T_T Log in to Reply Karl Beungso Cho says: July 27, 2017 at 3:59 am Dear Essay Expert, Ive write down a sentence like this, Im learning something new every day!. But, My supervisor said, Im learning something new everyday! is correct. Please let me know which is correct answer and why Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: July 27, 2017 at 5:48 am Hi Karl, I would recommend showing my article to your supervisor. You are correct! Log in to Reply Karl Beungso Cho says: July 27, 2017 at 8:32 pm Thank you! Brenda. 🙂 Log in to Reply

Business Stabilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Stabilization - Essay Example This postulation highlights the disjoint and independence in supply and demand based on time and persons. This is a sharp contrast to the view of the classical monetarist who did not take into consideration the possibility of a time lag in-between earning and expenditure and the savings culture. This was the starting point for Keynesian Economics. As stated earlier, fiscal policy is of more importance than monetary policy in the view of Keynesian Economist. Keynesians believe that money is an asset which can be held for its own sake and not just as a temporal abode of purchasing power. Keynesians do no believe that changes in money supply have significant effects on economic activities. Keynesianism also does not reckon with the classical belief that money can be routed to affect economic activities. Although it will be an overstatement to say that Keynesianism does not recognize money as being important, it should however be put in proper perspective. Money does not have a direct im pact on the economy. Before money can be said to have an impact on the economy, Keynesians believe that a change in money supply should influence interest rate which should in turn translate into a change in investment levels and ultimately have an effect on national income, only then can money be said to matter. Rate of Ms1 Rate of Net Ms= Money Supply Interest Ms2 interest Md = Money demand r1 r1 r2 r2 M1 M2 Ms Md r3 b Investment Going by the graphical illustration above, It is readily observable that, lowering the interest rate will have no impact on an inelastic investment curve. Keynesians also believe that the primary link between money supply and the economy is interest rate with two other secondary link of the ability of the interest rate to affect investments and for changes in investments to affect national income these links according to Keynesianism are very weak. Politicians in the UK in the course of electioneering and campaign exhibit vast knowledge of Keynesianism with the way Economic policies are drawn up. The two main parties in the UK today are the Conservative and Labour parties, each having their traditional viewpoint on economic policies and how the Government is expected to intervene in the economy. However, in the post war period, there has been cross-party consensus as regards economic policy with very great inclination of both the left and the right towards Keynesianism. There has equally been much talk from both sides on how best to manipulate the financial operations of the Government with a view to furthering certain economic policy objectives. These objectives include price stability, external equilibrium, economic development and growth, income distribution etc. instruments of fiscal policy such as tax, Government expenditure and interest rates are ideas that have been propagated in the quest to achieve the afore-mentioned objectives. The belief is that by fine-tuning the fiscal policy, depression within an economy can be overcome. Both the labour and conservative party agreed that some key industries should be owned by the state in a process of nationalization. However

Writing and speaking for business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writing and speaking for business - Essay Example Format/Outlook- imdb.com has a simple format that I appreciate. The background color and font are not attractive but that’s fine with me as the important thing is I can easily find what I am looking for. Movies.yahoo.com also follows a similar simplistic layout of a white background where most of the crucial information is. As for movies.com, it features a mix of at colors which make it eye-catchy. Content- On imdb.com, trailers of the most recent films are the first things that catch your eye; then to the right there’s a list of highest earning new releases. Therefore, you can easily get an idea of what’s coming out and the favorites. As for movies.yahoo.com, the homepage is slightly ‘populated’ as it features advertisements, a single trailer at the top and below that clips on interviews with movie directors and/or cast of upcoming movies. Then again below that is where the information crucial to me is i.e. movies that have recently come out and a top 10 list of box office movies. Movies.com is however, the most populated as it features many advertisements, news on released movies e.g. ratings from critics, films that are up for awards and the like. Feedback/Comments Section- Typically, all three websites have the icon for help/feedback/suggestions at the bottom of the home page and clicking on this directs you to another page. Overall, movies.com works best for me as it is simple, movies.yahoo.com is average while imdb.com is my least favorite when it comes to this. I hope that this breakdown provides a useful description of my analysis on all three of the websites. In case there is any further enquiry, feel free to contact me on (Insert telephone number) as I would not mind providing a broader description of any specific site, or movies